Insulator.



PATENTED MAY 29, 1906.

A. RICHARDl INSULATRl vAPPLIMTION FILED MA1%..17 .1904.

By the adoption of hollow pins I am enabled where the pinsare to stand the greatest AUGUsTo ETUHAED.

No. s21,74e.

To all whom it may concern.: Be it known that I, AUGUSTO RICHARD, manager of the firm trading under the name ofSocieta Ceramica Richard-Ginori, a citizen of the Republicl of Switzerland, residing at l 15-117 San Cristoforo, Milan, Italy, have invented' certain new and useful Improvements in Insulators; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such aswill enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

specificati@ of Letters Patent. Application led March 17, 1904. Serial No. 198,626.

The present invention refers to means for supporting insulators for overhead electric lines of high voltage and fixing the same on the pins or stems which are intended to support said lines.

. The pins heretofore in use forrthesuspension of overhead lines are made either of wood or iron or a combination of these two materials; but they'are solid all through. As the weight of said pins must be contained within reasonable limits, solid pins or stems are scarcely able to resist the strain which they are to stand without showing a deiiection, which is highly noxious, as it gives rise to the breaka e of numerous insulators made, as they are,o more orless brittle materialporcelain, glass, stoneware, or the like.

In order to obtain for the cross-section'of the sus ension-pins a modulus .the high value o which enables them lto resist 'the greatest bending moment to which theymay be subjected, I adopt hollow or tubular pins of iron, steel, or any appropriate metal.

to concentrate the weight by increasing the thickness of the tubular wall just in thepoints strain, this result being attained without exceedingly increasing their total weight.

When using hollow pins, the modulus of the section is double that of solid pins for the same weight of metal, and more than twothirds of the insulator breaka es usually occurring are thereby avoided. en it is desired to prevent the atmospheric wetness to condense within the cavity of the pins, they some, so much the more Said operation may may be filled with tarry substances, powdered gravel, or other mineral powders.

It is well known how difficult it is to fix the insulators made of brittle material upon celaifn,

the metallic pin, either hollow or solid; In order to avoid or limit the breakages, which occur oftener with large high-voltage insuv lators that are subjected to heavy strains l oE MTLAN, ITALY.

iNsuLA-ron.

Patented May 29, 1906.

while being secured in place, material is inserted between the insulator and the metallic pin. The soft materials usually employed to that effect consist of hemp, fiax, jute, or cotton filaments impregnated with oily or fatty substances, sulfur, and quickly-drying cements of various scriptions. substances is connected with many inconveniences. Some of them swell and cause the insulators to crack, other ones cannot withstand the inclemency ofV the weather, while the best cements stick so fast that the insulator cannot be removed without going to pieces. Moreover, the employment of the above means renders the mounting of the insulators very long,

costly, and weari- `that said mounting must take place just at the moment when the suspension-poles are being erectedthat is to say, under often unfavorable conditions.

All said inconveniences are removed according to the present invention, which consists in securing to the inside of the insulator a thin metal bush made vto adhere thereto by a thin lining of an appropriate cement. be carried out at the same works where the insulators are manufactured, thus putting on the market insulators which are ready for being screwed or otherwise secured upon their supports without any previous troublesome operation being required. Should the insulators be intended for employment on low-voltage lines, bushes made of compressed paper, cork, wood, or other appropriate'materials may be employed instead of the metal bushes-hereinabove described.

The annexed drawing shows, by way of example, a vvertical section of an overhead-line suspension-.pole made according toy my invention on which an insulator is secured by the means which also form the object of the present invention.

In said drawing, a, is the tubular pin, which is supposed to be of iron or steel and to taper toward the top. bracket c by means of the nut d-and the iron washers The shell g, surroundin the pipear.j andl ma e of the same-material glass, por-` or stoneware) as the insulator proper, j, rests upon awasher of tarred pasteboard h, the interval between shell gV and the outer wall of the iron pipe al being filled with concrete b.

de-l The employment of cach of these of anyl a layer of soft v TOO It is secured to the wood the inside wall of the IIO The insulator proper, j, lined internally with notches, grooves on the other side, cements or glues of Whatever descriptionmay vary 1n Whatever convenient manner, and the form of bush i may vary accordingly Without departing from the principle of the invention.

What I claim, ters Patent, is*

1; An insulator having a cup-shaped meand desire to protect by Lettallic bush having its inner end closed, a thin layer of cement secu/ring the bush to the insulator, and a paraifined Washer surrounding and abutting the bush to prevent the entrance of moisture to the cement.

The combination with the metallic post having a screwthreaded upper end, of a shell surrounding the post, below the to thereof, an insulator having a metallic ush, cemented therein, to engage the post, and a paralined washer interposed between the shell and the insulator and preventing the entrance of moisture to the cement securing the bush.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature lto this specification in the presence of two witnesses.

AUGUSTO RICHARD. Witnesses:

H. P. SMITH, MICHELE DE DRAGO. 

